Seas and oceans occupy ¾ of the Earth, covering approximately 70% (seventy percent) of the surface of our Planet. The average depth is 4 km, but the “Fenda das Marianas”, in the Pacific Ocean, is about 11 km deep.   The main abiotic factors in marine environment are: light, temperature, salinity and hydrostatic pressure.  ...

  The mangrove is a coastal ecosystem, typical of tropical and subtropical areas. It is the connection point of the marine, terrestrial and fresh water environments.   It originates from the meeting of the fresh water from rivers and the salt water from the seas forming the brackish water, in environments of intense deposition such...

The coral reefs are extremely old ecosystems, fragile and very rich in biodiversity. They occupy 1% of the ocean’s volume, however, are home to about ¾ of the ocean community. Their preservation is an indispensable condition for the survival of this great number of marine animals.   A symbiotic association between a sedentary animal (cnidario)...

Sandy beach can be defined as a coastal region where the waves actively stir up the sediment. It ranges from the area in between the tides, being able to reach, in some places, up to 20 meters depth.   In Brazil our beaches have sediment consisting basically of sand and despite seeming a homogeneous environment,...

  Rocky shore is the name given to the coastal environment formed by rocks between land and sea. It is considered more as an extension of the marine environment than the terrestrial environment, since the vast majority of organisms than can be found on the rocky shore are related to the marine environment.   There...